Ghana

Ghana

Ghana's economy was valued at $82.31 billion in 2024, per World Bank WDI figures, with GDP per capita of $2,390.77 and a population of 34,427,414 that year. Government debt is projected at 53.0% of GDP for 2026, according to IMF WEO data, a mid-range fiscal load by the measure of this single figure. Foreign reserves stood at $4.47 billion in 2024, per World Bank WDI figures, a buffer that this dataset does not further decompose into import-cover terms.

Defense spending totaled $506.65 million in 2025, according to SIPRI's Milex database, amounting to 0.477% of GDP under SIPRI's own GDP accounting for that year — a ratio distinct from the World Bank GDP series cited above and, on this measure alone, a comparatively light military burden on output. The Correlates of War National Material Capabilities (COW NMC) dataset recorded 16,000 active military personnel in 2022 and assigned Ghana a composite index of national capability (CINC) score of 0.0017294283 for that year, a composite COW derives from demographic, economic, and military inputs rather than spending alone.

V-Dem v15's 2025 governance indicators show an electoral democracy score of 0.711, a liberal democracy score of 0.606, and a state capacity score of 0.568. The three scores sit closer together than in many of the country files in this dataset, suggesting electoral competition, liberal safeguards, and administrative capacity are tracking at broadly similar levels for Ghana on these measures.

Energy consumption stood at 0.3741 exajoules of primary energy in 2023, with electricity generation of 24.27 terawatt-hours in 2024, both per Our World in Data's energy series. No figures on generation mix or import dependence are present in this bundle.

Data gaps

Oil production (62.684 terawatt-hours) and gas production (6.898 terawatt-hours) figures are both dated 2016, per Our World in Data — roughly a decade stale, and should not be read as current output levels. The 53.0% debt-to-GDP figure is an IMF WEO projection for 2026 rather than a confirmed historical outturn.

Sources: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, SIPRI Milex, Correlates of War National Material Capabilities, V-Dem v15, Our World in Data (Energy)