Mali

Mali

Mali's economy totaled $26.79 billion in 2024, per World Bank WDI figures, with GDP per capita of $1,094.62 and a population of 24,478,595 that year — a low per-capita figure within this country bundle's economic series. Government debt is projected at 40.8% of GDP for 2026, according to IMF WEO data, a moderate load by this single measure.

Defense spending reached $952.90 million in 2025, according to SIPRI's Milex database, equivalent to 3.874% of GDP under SIPRI's own GDP accounting for that year — a ratio drawn from SIPRI's parallel GDP series rather than the World Bank total cited above, and a heavy share of output by this single measure. The Correlates of War National Material Capabilities (COW NMC) dataset recorded 21,000 active military personnel in 2022 and assigned Mali a composite index of national capability (CINC) score of 0.001038306 for that year, a composite COW derives from demographic, economic, and military inputs rather than spending alone.

V-Dem v15's 2025 governance indicators show an electoral democracy score of 0.164 and a liberal democracy score of 0.15 — both low and close to one another — against a state capacity score of 0.421, a reading markedly higher than either democracy measure on this scale.

Energy consumption stood at 0.108 exajoules of primary energy in 2023, with electricity generation of 5.96 terawatt-hours in 2024, both per Our World in Data's energy series. No figures on generation mix or import dependence are present in this bundle.

Data gaps

No foreign reserves figure is present for Mali in this dataset — this category is absent rather than zero, and no statement about reserve adequacy can be made from the available facts. Oil and gas production figures (both 0.0 terawatt-hours) are dated 2016, per Our World in Data, a decade-old reading that should not be treated as a current statement on domestic hydrocarbon output. The 40.8% debt-to-GDP figure is an IMF WEO projection for 2026 rather than a confirmed historical outturn. No generation-mix figures accompany the electricity data above.

Sources: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, SIPRI Milex, Correlates of War National Material Capabilities, V-Dem v15, Our World in Data (Energy)