Czechia

Czechia: Strong Governance Scores, Sizable Reserve Position

Czechia's GDP was $347.03 billion in 2024, per the World Bank's World Development Indicators, with GDP per capita of $31,823 the same year and a population of 10.91 million. Government debt stood at 46.4 percent of GDP for 2026 on the IMF's World Economic Outlook, while reserves reached $166.27 billion in 2025 per IMF International Financial Statistics — a notably large buffer relative to the debt figure.

Defense spending is moderate. SIPRI's 2025 military expenditure data puts outlay at roughly $7.05 billion, or 1.836 percent of GDP on SIPRI's own GDP series — a figure that should not be checked against the World Bank's $347.03 billion GDP estimate above, as the two series are not directly comparable. The Correlates of War National Material Capabilities (NMC) dataset lists 27,000 active personnel as of 2022 and a composite index of national capability (CINC) of 0.0016 for that year.

Governance indicators are strong. V-Dem's 2025 data (v15) scores Czechia at 0.849 on electoral democracy, 0.794 on liberal democracy, and 0.945 on state capacity.

Energy data is largely current but includes one dated series. Our World in Data's energy series lists primary energy consumption of 1.414 exajoules in 2024 and electricity generation of 75.5 terawatt-hours in 2025, both recent. Oil production (1.556 TWh) and gas production (2.338 TWh), however, are both sourced to 2016 and predate the other energy figures in this bundle by roughly a decade, so they should not be read as current domestic output levels.

Data gaps

Oil and gas production figures are a decade old (2016) relative to the primary energy and electricity figures (2024-2025) cited in the same bundle, and are flagged here as stale. No arms-trade, nuclear, or alliance-commitment data appears in this bundle. The SIPRI milex-to-GDP ratio of 1.836 percent is calculated on SIPRI's internal GDP series, not the World Bank's $347.03 billion WDI figure cited above, and the two should not be divided against one another to check the math.

Sources: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, IMF IFS, SIPRI Milex, COW NMC, V-Dem v15, Our World in Data (Energy).