Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan: Country Intelligence Briefing

Uzbekistan's fact bundle shows a lower-middle-income Central Asian economy with comparatively low government debt, substantial reserves, a notably stale military-spending figure, and a governance profile V-Dem v15 scores low across all three of its measures.

Economy and Fiscal Position

GDP was $115.0 billion in 2024, with GDP per capita of $3,161.70 the same year, both per World Bank WDI. Population was 36,361,859 in 2024, per World Bank WDI. Government debt stood at 27.5 percent of GDP in 2026, per IMF WEO — comparatively low among the figures in this briefing series. Reserves were $41.2 billion in 2024, per World Bank WDI, a large holding relative to the debt figure.

Defense Posture

Military expenditure was $1.44 billion, equivalent to 2.49 percent of GDP under SIPRI's own GDP series — but both figures are dated 2018 per SIPRI Milex, seven years old and well out of step with the rest of this briefing's 2024-2026 figures. The ratio should not be checked against the separately sourced World Bank GDP figure above, nor treated as describing current Uzbek defense spending. Active personnel stood at 48,000 in 2022, per COW NMC, with a CINC score of 0.0029409123 the same year, also per COW NMC.

Governance

V-Dem v15 scores Uzbekistan's electoral democracy at 0.218, liberal democracy at 0.079, and state capacity at 0.147, all for 2025 — the lowest state-capacity score among this briefing's governance figures.

Energy

Primary energy consumption was 2.5041 exajoules in 2024, and electricity generation was 86.7 terawatt-hours in 2025, both per Our World in Data (Energy). Oil production was 22.419 terawatt-hours and gas production was 422.077 terawatt-hours, both for 2024, per Our World in Data (Energy), reflecting Uzbekistan's substantial gas sector.

Data Gaps

The military-expenditure figures, both value and GDP share, are from 2018 and should be treated as stale rather than current; no more recent SIPRI data is available in this bundle. The active-personnel and CINC figures are from 2022, also several years old relative to the 2024-2026 economic figures above.

Sources: World Bank WDI; IMF WEO; SIPRI Milex; COW NMC; V-Dem v15; Our World in Data (Energy).