Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan: Major Hydrocarbon Producer With Severely Dated Fiscal and Defense Data

Turkmenistan's economy was valued at $51.39 billion in 2024, with per-capita output of $6,856.66, on a population of 7,494,498, per World Bank WDI figures. Government debt is projected at a low 3.7% of GDP in 2026, per IMF WEO.

Defense Posture — Data Gap

This bundle's only military spending figures for Turkmenistan are from SIPRI Milex and date to 1999: outlays of $111.92 million, equivalent to 3.114% of GDP by SIPRI's own GDP series for that year. That figure is more than a quarter-century old and should not be treated as representative of current defense spending. Separately, active personnel are recorded at 37,000 as of 2022, per COW NMC, with a composite index of national capability (CINC) of 0.0012592633 for the same year, also per COW NMC — figures collected on a different basis and year than the milex data, so the two should not be combined into a ratio.

Governance

V-Dem v15's 2025 scores are low across the board: an electoral democracy index of 0.148, a liberal democracy index of 0.034, and a state capacity score of 0.053, consistent with a highly closed political system per V-Dem's framework.

Energy

Turkmenistan's energy profile reflects its status as a hydrocarbon producer: primary energy consumption reached 1.3362 exajoules in 2024, per Our World in Data's energy series, with electricity generation of 33.01 terawatt-hours, oil production of 104.783 terawatt-hours, and gas production of 734.634 terawatt-hours, all for 2024 from the same source.

Data Gaps

Two figures in this bundle are severely stale: foreign reserves of $1.51 billion, per World Bank WDI, and the SIPRI milex figures above, both dated to 1999. Neither should be read as reflecting Turkmenistan's current reserve position or defense budget; this bundle contains no more recent update for either series. The 3.114% milex/GDP figure is tied to SIPRI's own 1999 GDP series and must not be compared against the World Bank's 2024 GDP figure of $51.39 billion.

Sources: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, SIPRI Milex, COW NMC, V-Dem v15, Our World in Data (Energy).