Australia

Australia: High Per-Capita Income, Energy Export Capacity

Australia's economy totaled $1.76 trillion in 2024, according to the World Bank's WDI data, with GDP per capita of $64,604 — among the higher figures in this dataset — and a population of 27.2 million, also for 2024. The IMF's WEO projects government debt at 50.6% of GDP in 2026.

Military and Fiscal Position

SIPRI's 2025 figures place Australian military expenditure at $35.3 billion, or 1.918% of GDP under SIPRI's own GDP series; that ratio should not be reconciled with the World Bank GDP figure cited above, as the two series diverge. The IMF's IFS data show reserves of $64.7 billion in 2025.

The COW NMC dataset records 60,000 active military personnel in 2022 and a CINC score of 0.0060 for the same year, a modest composite capability score relative to Australia's economic size, reflecting the demographic and industrial weighting of the COW index rather than military spending alone.

Governance

V-Dem's 2025 (v15) data give Australia an electoral democracy score of 0.844, a liberal democracy score of 0.793, and a state capacity score of 0.99 — among the highest state-capacity readings in this set.

Energy

Per Our World in Data, Australia's primary energy consumption was 6.02 exajoules in 2024, with 286.34 terawatt-hours of electricity generated in 2025. The country's energy data stand out for production volume: oil production was 173.4 TWh and gas production 1,501.4 TWh, both for 2024 — figures that mark Australia as a substantial net energy exporter by these measures, in contrast to its relatively moderate domestic electricity generation. Gas production alone, at 1,501.4 TWh, is more than five times the country's recorded electricity generation of 286.34 TWh, underscoring that most of this output is not consumed domestically as electricity.

Summary

The figures describe a wealthy, high-capacity state: $1.76 trillion in GDP and $64,604 in per-capita income per the World Bank, alongside a state capacity score of 0.99 from V-Dem, among the highest readings available in this batch. Military expenditure of $35.3 billion represents 1.918% of GDP under SIPRI's own series, a comparatively modest share set against a large resource-export base. The COW NMC personnel figure of 60,000 and CINC score of 0.0060, both dated 2022, are modest relative to Australia's economic weight, reflecting that COW's capability index weighs population and heavy industry alongside military size. No energy production or consumption figures in this file predate 2024, making this one of the more current records in the batch.

Sources: World Bank WDI; IMF WEO; IMF IFS; SIPRI Milex; COW NMC; V-Dem v15; Our World in Data (Energy).