Cameroon

Cameroon: Low-Income Profile With Weak State Capacity Score

Cameroon's economy was valued at $53.30 billion in 2024, with per-capita output of $1,830.01, on a population of 29,123,744, per World Bank WDI figures. Government debt is projected at 39.3% of GDP in 2026, per IMF WEO, a forward-looking projection rather than a confirmed outturn. Reserves stood at $5.06 billion in 2024, per World Bank WDI, the same reference year as GDP but a figure that should not be merged into any computed debt or reserve ratio not already provided.

Defense Posture

SIPRI Milex data put military spending at $627.47 million in 2025, equivalent to 1.058% of GDP by SIPRI's own GDP series for that year. Active personnel numbered 25,000 in 2022, per COW NMC, with a composite index of national capability (CINC) of 0.0015905261 for the same year, also per COW NMC.

Governance

V-Dem v15's 2025 scores show an electoral democracy index of 0.26 and a liberal democracy index of 0.114, alongside a particularly low state capacity score of 0.086 — among the lower administrative-capacity figures in this bundle's framework, pointing to significant constraints on state reach per V-Dem's indicators. All three figures are drawn from the same V-Dem v15 release and reference year, 2025, forming a single coherent governance snapshot.

Energy

Cameroon's primary energy consumption was 0.1279 exajoules in 2023, per Our World in Data's energy series, with electricity generation of 7.26 terawatt-hours in 2024 from the same source. Oil production is recorded at 58.749 terawatt-hours and gas production at 7.809 terawatt-hours, but both figures date to 2016, per Our World in Data.

Data Gaps

The oil and gas production figures are a decade old; this bundle contains no more recent production series, so current hydrocarbon output cannot be assessed from these figures alone. The 1.058% milex/GDP figure is tied to SIPRI's own GDP series for 2025 and should not be checked against the World Bank's $53.30 billion GDP figure for 2024, a different year and series. The reserves figure (2024, World Bank WDI) and the debt projection (2026, IMF WEO) are drawn from different years and sources and should not be combined into a single ratio.

Sources: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, SIPRI Milex, COW NMC, V-Dem v15, Our World in Data (Energy).