Albania

Albania: Mid-Range Democracy Scores and a Defense Budget Above 2 Percent of GDP

Albania's GDP reached $27.05 billion in 2024, with GDP per capita of $11,378 and a population of 2,377,128, per World Bank WDI data. V-Dem's 2025 wave records an electoral democracy score of 0.484, a liberal democracy score of 0.382, and a state capacity score of 0.592, placing governance in the middle range of V-Dem's 0-1 scale.

SIPRI's 2025 Milex data put military expenditure at $623.6 million, equivalent to 2.033 percent of GDP under SIPRI's own GDP series; that ratio should not be recomputed against the World Bank GDP figure cited above. The Correlates of War National Material Capabilities dataset recorded 8,000 active-duty personnel in 2022 and a CINC score of 0.00021743089 for the same year.

On fiscal and external position, the IMF's World Economic Outlook projects government debt at 51.5 percent of GDP for 2026, and IMF International Financial Statistics data recorded reserves of $8.08 billion as of 2025. Both figures come from the same 2025-2026 IMF reporting window used elsewhere in this bundle.

The Correlates of War CINC score, a fractional share of global material capability derived from population, military personnel, and industrial inputs across the full international system, should be read alongside the 8,000-person active-duty figure above rather than as a standalone strength measure.

Energy

Our World in Data figures put primary energy consumption at 0.0813 exajoules in 2023 and electricity generation at 8.34 terawatt-hours in 2024. Oil production is recorded at 15.398 terawatt-hours and gas production at 0.466 terawatt-hours, both dated 2016 — the oil figure stands out relative to the small primary-energy reading for the same country, a discrepancy worth flagging rather than resolving, since both numbers come directly from the source as given.

Data Gaps

The oil and gas production figures are a decade old, dated 2016, and should not be read as current output; the oil figure in particular appears large next to the 2023 primary-energy total and likely reflects a different accounting basis or a stale extraction peak rather than ongoing capacity. The 2026 government debt figure is an IMF projection, not a realized outturn. No conflict-event or alliance data are present in this bundle.

Sources: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, IMF IFS, SIPRI Milex, Correlates of War NMC, V-Dem v15, Our World in Data (Energy).