Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Mid-Range Governance Scores and a Modest Defense Budget

Bosnia and Herzegovina's GDP was $29.61 billion in 2024, with GDP per capita of $9,359 and a population of 3,164,253, according to World Bank WDI data. V-Dem's 2025 wave puts electoral democracy at 0.498, liberal democracy at 0.339, and state capacity at 0.462 — figures clustered in the middle of V-Dem's 0-1 scale.

SIPRI's 2025 Milex data recorded military expenditure of $231.4 million, or 0.728 percent of GDP under SIPRI's own GDP series, a ratio that should not be recalculated against the separate World Bank GDP figure cited above. The Correlates of War National Material Capabilities dataset recorded 11,000 active-duty personnel in 2022 and a CINC score of 0.00031928933 for the same year.

On fiscal and external position, the IMF's World Economic Outlook projects government debt at 30.8 percent of GDP for 2026, while IMF International Financial Statistics data recorded reserves of $10.46 billion as of 2025. Both figures come from the same 2025-2026 IMF reporting window used elsewhere in this bundle, so they can be read together without the staleness caveats attached to some of the series below.

The Correlates of War CINC score, a fractional share of global material capability derived from population, military personnel, and industrial inputs across the full international system, should be read alongside the 11,000-person active-duty figure rather than as a separate, standalone capability measure.

Energy

Our World in Data figures put primary energy consumption at 0.3066 exajoules in 2023 and electricity generation at 14.44 terawatt-hours in 2025. Both oil and gas production are recorded at 0.0 terawatt-hours, dated 2016.

Data Gaps

The oil and gas production figures are stale, dated 2016, and should be read only as a historical data point rather than a statement about current hydrocarbon output. The 2026 government debt figure is an IMF projection rather than an outturn. No conflict-event, alliance, or detailed equipment data are present in this bundle, and nothing in the governance or energy series extends past 2025, so this briefing should be refreshed once newer readings are published rather than treated as a long-term baseline.

Sources: World Bank WDI, IMF WEO, IMF IFS, SIPRI Milex, Correlates of War NMC, V-Dem v15, Our World in Data (Energy).